Hesperornis

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Autor:

Paweł Konarzewski

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Hesperornis (hesperornis)
Długość	zob. tekst
Masa	zob. tekst
Dieta	rybożerny
Miejsce	zob. tekst
Czas	Trias 252 Jura 201,4 Kreda 143,1 66 ok. 84-78 Ma późna kreda (santon-kampan)
Systematyka	Dinosauria Saurischia Theropoda Avialae Pygostylia Ornithothoraces Euornithes Ornithuromorpha Ornithurae Hesperornithiformes Hesperornithidae
Rekonstrukcja przyżyciowa hesperornisa. Autor: UnexpectedDinoLesson [1]

Wstęp

Hesperornis to to jeden z najbardziej znanych i najwcześniej opisanych ptaków w historii palentologii. Żył on w późnej kredzie na terenach dzisiejszych Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kanady oraz Rosji. Hesperornis jest również znany z największej ilości gatunków spośród wszystkich mezozicznych ptaków. Nazwa rodzajowa jest zbytkiem greckich słów hesperos (zachodni) oraz ornis (ptak).

Historia taksonu

Historyczna rekonstrukcja hesperornisa autorstwa Heinricha Hardera z 1916 roku.

Spis gatunków

Hesperornis	Marsh, 1872a
= Lestornis	Marsh, 1876
= Coniornis	Marsh, 1893
= Hargeria	Lucas, 1903
H. regalis	Marsh, 1872a
H. crassipes	(Marsh, 1876) Marsh, 1880
= Lestornis crassipes	Marsh, 1876
H. gracilis	Marsh, 1876
= Hargeria gracilis	(Marsh, 1876) Lucas, 1903
H. altus	(Marsh, 1893) Shufeldt, 1915b
= Coniornis altus	Marsh, 1893
H. montana	Shufeldt, 1915a
H. rossicus	Nessov i Yarkov, 1993
H. chowi	Martin i Lim, 2002
H. bairdi	Martin i Lim, 2002
?H. mengeli	Martin i Lim, 2002
H. macdonaldi	Martin i Lim, 2002
H. lumgairi	Aotsuka i Sato, 2016

Bibliografia

Aotsuka, K., & Sato, T. (2016). "Hesperornithiformes (Aves: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale, Southern Manitoba, Canada". Cretaceous Research, 63, 154-169. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.03.003

Bell, A., & Chiappe, L. M. (2022). "The Hesperornithiformes: a review of the diversity, distribution, and ecology of the earliest diving birds". Diversity, 14(4), 267. doi:10.3390/d14040267

Bell, A., Irwin, K. J., & Davis, L. C. (2015). "Hesperornithiform birds from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Arkansas, USA". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 219-229. [2]

Bühler, P., Martin, L. D., & Witmer, L. M. (1988). "Cranial kinesis in the Late Cretaceous birds Hesperornis and Parahesperornis". The Auk, 105(1), 111-122. doi:10.1093/auk/105.1.111

Dumont, M., Tafforeau, P., Bertin, T., Bhullar, B. A., Field, D., Schulp, A., Strilisky, B., Thivichon-Prince, B., Viriot, L., & Louchart, A. (2016). "Synchrotron imaging of dentition provides insights into the biology of Hesperornis and Ichthyornis, the “last” toothed birds". BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16, 1-28. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0753-6

Everhart, M. J. (2011). "Rediscovery of the Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1871 holotype locality indicates an earlier stratigraphic occurrence". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 114(2), 59-68. doi:10.1660/062.114.0105

Ford, T. (online) [3]

Fox, R. C. (1974). "A Middle Campanian, nonmarine occurrence of the Cretaceous toothed bird Hesperornis Marsh". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 11(9), 1335-1338. doi:10.1139/e74-127

Gingerich, P. D. (1973). "Skull of Hesperornis and early evolution of birds". Nature, 243(5402), 70-73. doi:10.1038/243070a0

Hills, L. V., Nicholls, E. L., Núñez-Betelu, L. K. M., & McIntyre, D. J. (1999). "Hesperornis (Aves) from Ellesmere Island and palynological correlation of known Canadian localities. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36(9), 1583-1588. doi:10.1139/e99-060

Martin, L., & Lim, J. (2002). "New information on the hesperornithiform radiation". [w:] Zhou, Z., & Zhang, F. (red.). "Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution". Beijing: Science Press, pp. 113-124

Martin, L. D., Rothschild, B. M., & Burnham, D. A. (2016). "Hesperornis escapes plesiosaur attack". Cretaceous Research, 63, 23-27. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.005

Mortimer, M. (online) [4]

Nessov, L. A., & Yarkov, A. A. (1993). "Hesperornithiformes in Russia". Russian Journal of Ornithology, 2(1), 37–54.

Panteleyev, A. V., Popov, E. V., & Averianov, A. O. (2004). "New record of Hesperornis rossicus (Aves, Hesperornithiformes) in the Campanian of Saratov Province, Russia". Paleontological Research, 8(2), 115-122. doi:10.2517/prpsj.8.115

Pecsics, T., & Csörgő, T. (2023). "Aspects of cranial adaptation in foot-propelled diving birds–foraging and visual fields of some piscivorous species". Ornis Hungarica, 31(2), 110-124. doi:10.2478/orhu-2023-0023

Rees, J., & Lindgren, J. (2005). "Aquatic birds from the Upper Cretaceous (Lower Campanian) of Sweden and the biology and distribution of hesperornithiforms". Palaeontology, 48(6), 1321-1329. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00507.x

Wilson, L. E., & Chin, K. (2014). "Comparative osteohistology of Hesperornis with reference to pygoscelid penguins: the effects of climate and behaviour on avian bone microstructure". Royal Society Open Science, 1(3), 140245. doi:10.1098/rsos.140245

Zelenkov, N. V., & Arkhangelsky, M. S. (2023). "New Data on Hesperornithids (Aves: Ornithurae) from the Campanian of the Lower Volga Region (Late Cretaceous, Russia)". Doklady Biological Sciences. 509 (1): 100-102 doi:10.1134/S0012496622600166

Zelenkov, N. V., Panteleyev, A. V., & Yarkov, A. A. (2017). "New finds of hesperornithids in the European Russia, with comments on the systematics of Eurasian Hesperornithidae". Paleontological Journal, 51, 547-555. doi:10.1134/S003103011705015X

Zinoviev, A. V. (2011). "Notes on the hindlimb myology and syndesmology of the Mesozoic toothed bird Hesperornis regalis (Aves: Hesperornithiformes)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 9(1), 65-84. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.512615

Zinoviev, A. V. (2015). "Comparative anatomy of the intertarsal joint in extant and fossil birds: Inferences for the locomotion of Hesperornis regalis (Hesperornithiformes) and Emeus crassus (Dinornithiformes)". Journal of Ornithology, 156(Suppl 1), 317-323. doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1195-4